Struct Client

pub struct Client { /* private fields */ }

A WebDriver client tied to a single browser session.

Use ClientBuilder to create a new session.

Note that most callers should explicitly call Client::close, and wait for the returned future before exiting. Not doing so may result in the WebDriver session not being cleanly closed, which is particularly important for some drivers, such as geckodriver, where multiple simulatenous sessions are not supported. If close is not explicitly called, a session close request will be spawned on the given handle when the last instance of this Client is dropped.

Implementations

impl Client

pub async fn issue_cmd( &self, cmd: impl WebDriverCompatibleCommand + Send + 'static, ) -> Result<Json, CmdError>

Issue the specified WebDriverCompatibleCommand to the WebDriver instance.

impl Client

pub async fn with_capabilities_and_connector<C>( webdriver: &str, cap: &Capabilities, connector: C, ) -> Result<Self, NewSessionError>

where C: Connect + Unpin + 'static + Clone + Send + Sync,

Connect to the WebDriver host running the given address.

Prefer using ClientBuilder over calling this method directly.

The given capabilities will be requested in alwaysMatch or desiredCapabilities depending on the protocol version supported by the server.

Returns a future that resolves to a handle for issuing additional WebDriver tasks.

pub async fn session_id(&self) -> Result<Option<String>, CmdError>

Get the unique session ID assigned by the WebDriver server to this client.

pub async fn set_ua<S: Into<String>>(&self, ua: S) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Set the User Agent string to use for all subsequent requests.

pub async fn get_ua(&self) -> Result<Option<String>, CmdError>

Get the current User Agent string.

pub async fn close(self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Terminate the WebDriver session.

Normally, a shutdown of the WebDriver connection will be initiated when the last clone of a Client is dropped. Specifically, the shutdown request will be issued using the tokio Handle given when creating this Client. This in turn means that any errors will be dropped.

Once it has been called on one instance of a Client, all requests to other instances of that Client will fail.

This function may be useful in conjunction with raw_client_for, as it allows you to close the automated browser window while doing e.g., a large download.

pub async fn persist(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Mark this client’s session as persistent.

After all instances of a Client have been dropped, we normally shut down the WebDriver session, which also closes the associated browser window or tab. By calling this method, the shutdown command will not be sent to this client’s session, meaning its window or tab will remain open.

Note that an explicit call to Client::close will still terminate the session.

This function is safe to call multiple times.

impl Client

Sessions

pub async fn status(&self) -> Result<WebDriverStatus, CmdError>

Get the WebDriver status.

See 8.3 Status of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn get_timeouts(&self) -> Result<TimeoutConfiguration, CmdError>

Get the timeouts for the current session.

See 8.4 Get Timeouts of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn update_timeouts( &self, timeouts: TimeoutConfiguration, ) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Set the timeouts for the current session.

See 8.5 Set Timeouts of the WebDriver standard.

impl Client

Navigation

pub async fn goto(&self, url: &str) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Navigate directly to the given URL.

See 9.1 Navigate To of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn current_url(&self) -> Result<Url, CmdError>

Retrieve the currently active URL for this session.

See 9.2 Get Current URL of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn back(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Go back to the previous page.

See 9.3 Back of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn forward(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Go forward to the next page.

See 9.4 Forward of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn refresh(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Refresh the current previous page.

See 9.5 Refresh of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn title(&self) -> Result<String, CmdError>

Get the current page title.

See 9.6 Get Title of the WebDriver standard.

impl Client

Command Contexts

pub async fn window(&self) -> Result<WindowHandle, CmdError>

Gets the current window handle.

See 10.1 Get Window Handle of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn close_window(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Closes the current window.

Will close the session if no other windows exist.

Closing a window will not switch the client to one of the remaining windows. The switching must be done by calling switch_to_window using a still live window after the current window has been closed.

See 10.2 Close Window of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn switch_to_window( &self, window: WindowHandle, ) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Switches to the chosen window.

See 10.3 Switch To Window of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn windows(&self) -> Result<Vec<WindowHandle>, CmdError>

Gets a list of all active windows (and tabs)

See 10.4 Get Window Handles of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn new_window( &self, as_tab: bool, ) -> Result<NewWindowResponse, CmdError>

Creates a new window. If as_tab is true, then a tab will be created instead.

Windows are treated the same as tabs by the WebDriver protocol. The functions new_window, switch_to_window, close_window, window and windows all operate on both tabs and windows.

This operation is only in the editor’s draft of the next iteration of the WebDriver protocol, and may thus not be supported by all WebDriver implementations. For example, if you’re using geckodriver, you will need geckodriver > 0.24 and firefox > 66 to use this feature.

See 11.5 New Window of the editor’s draft standard.

pub async fn enter_frame(&self, index: Option<u16>) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Switches to the frame specified at the index.

See 10.5 Switch To Frame of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn enter_parent_frame(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Switches to the parent of the frame the client is currently contained within.

See 10.6 Switch To Parent Frame of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn set_window_rect( &self, x: u32, y: u32, width: u32, height: u32, ) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Sets the x, y, width, and height properties of the current window.

See 10.7.2 Set Window Rect of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn get_window_rect(&self) -> Result<(u64, u64, u64, u64), CmdError>

Gets the x, y, width, and height properties of the current window.

See 10.7.1 Get Window Rect of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn set_window_size( &self, width: u32, height: u32, ) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Sets the x, y, width, and height properties of the current window.

See 10.7.2 Set Window Rect of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn get_window_size(&self) -> Result<(u64, u64), CmdError>

Gets the width and height of the current window.

See 10.7.1 Get Window Rect of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn set_window_position(&self, x: u32, y: u32) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Sets the x, y, width, and height properties of the current window.

See 10.7.2 Set Window Rect of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn get_window_position(&self) -> Result<(u64, u64), CmdError>

Gets the x and y top-left coordinate of the current window.

See 10.7.1 Get Window Rect of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn maximize_window(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Maximize the current window.

See 10.7.3 Maximize Window of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn minimize_window(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Minimize the current window.

See 10.7.4 Minimize Window of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn fullscreen_window(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Make the current window fullscreen.

See 10.7.5 Fullscreen Window of the WebDriver standard.

impl Client

Element Retrieval

pub async fn find(&self, search: Locator<'_>) -> Result<Element, CmdError>

Find an element on the page that matches the given Locator.

See 12.2 Find Element of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn find_all( &self, search: Locator<'_>, ) -> Result<Vec<Element>, CmdError>

Find all elements on the page that match the given Locator.

See 12.3 Find Elements of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn active_element(&self) -> Result<Element, CmdError>

Get the active element for this session.

The “active” element is the Element within the DOM that currently has focus. This will often be an <input> or <textarea> element that currently has the text selection, or another input element such as a checkbox or radio button. Which elements are focusable depends on the platform and browser configuration.

If no element has focus, the result may be the page body or a NoSuchElement error.

See 12.6 Get Active Element of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn form(&self, search: Locator<'_>) -> Result<Form, CmdError>

Locate a form on the page.

Through the returned Form, HTML forms can be filled out and submitted.

impl Client

Document Handling

pub async fn source(&self) -> Result<String, CmdError>

Get the HTML source for the current page.

See 15.1 Get Page Source of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn execute( &self, script: &str, args: Vec<Json>, ) -> Result<Json, CmdError>

Execute the given JavaScript script in the current browser session.

args is available to the script inside the arguments array. Since Element implements Serialize, you can also provide serialized Elements as arguments, and they will correctly deserialize to DOM elements on the other side.

To retrieve the value of a variable, return has to be used in the JavaScript code.

See 15.2.1 Execute Script of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn execute_async( &self, script: &str, args: Vec<Json>, ) -> Result<Json, CmdError>

Execute the given async JavaScript script in the current browser session.

The provided JavaScript has access to args through the JavaScript variable arguments. The arguments array also holds an additional element at the end that provides a completion callback for the asynchronous code.

Since Element implements Serialize, you can also provide serialized Elements as arguments, and they will correctly deserialize to DOM elements on the other side.

Examples

Call a web API from the browser and retrieve the value asynchronously

const JS: &'static str = r#"
    const [date, callback] = arguments;

    fetch(`http://weather.api/${date}/hourly`)
    // whenever the HTTP Request completes,
    // send the value back to the Rust context
    .then(data => {
        callback(data.json())
    })
"#;

let weather = client.execute_async(JS, vec![date]).await?;

See 15.2.2 Execute Async Script of the WebDriver standard.

impl Client

Actions

pub async fn perform_actions( &self, actions: impl Into<Actions>, ) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Create a new Actions chain.

let mouse_actions = MouseActions::new("mouse")
    .then(PointerAction::Down {
        button: MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT,
    })
    .then(PointerAction::MoveBy {
        duration: Some(Duration::from_secs(2)),
        x: 100,
        y: 0,
    })
    .then(PointerAction::Up {
        button: MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT,
    });
client.perform_actions(mouse_actions).await?;

See the documentation for Actions for more information. Perform the specified input actions.

See 17.5 Perform Actions of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn release_actions(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Release all input actions.

See 17.6 Release Actions of the WebDriver standard.

impl Client

User Prompts

pub async fn dismiss_alert(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Dismiss the active alert, if there is one.

See 18.1 Dismiss Alert of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn accept_alert(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Accept the active alert, if there is one.

See 18.2 Accept Alert of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn get_alert_text(&self) -> Result<String, CmdError>

Get the text of the active alert, if there is one.

See 18.3 Get Alert Text of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn send_alert_text(&self, text: &str) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Send the specified text to the active alert, if there is one.

See 18.4 Send Alert Text of the WebDriver standard.

impl Client

Screen Capture

pub async fn screenshot(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, CmdError>

Get a PNG-encoded screenshot of the current page.

See 19.1 Take Screenshot of the WebDriver standard.

impl Client

Operations that wait for a change on the page.

pub async fn wait_for<F, FF>(&self, is_ready: F) -> Result<(), CmdError>

where F: FnMut(&Client) -> FF, FF: Future<Output = Result<bool, CmdError>>,

👎Deprecated since 0.17.5: This method might block forever. Please use client.wait().on(…) instead. You can still wait forever using: client.wait().forever().on(…)

Wait for the given function to return true before proceeding.

This can be useful to wait for something to appear on the page before interacting with it. While this currently just spins and yields, it may be more efficient than this in the future. In particular, in time, it may only run is_ready again when an event occurs on the page.

pub async fn wait_for_find( &self, search: Locator<'_>, ) -> Result<Element, CmdError>

👎Deprecated since 0.17.5: This method might block forever. Please use client.wait().on(locator) instead. You can still wait forever using: client.wait().forever().on(locator)

Wait for the given element to be present on the page.

This can be useful to wait for something to appear on the page before interacting with it. While this currently just spins and yields, it may be more efficient than this in the future. In particular, in time, it may only run is_ready again when an event occurs on the page.

pub async fn wait_for_navigation( &self, current: Option<Url>, ) -> Result<(), CmdError>

👎Deprecated since 0.17.5: This method might block forever and has a chance of randomly blocking. Please use client.wait().on(url) instead, to check if you navigated successfully to the new URL.

Wait for the page to navigate to a new URL before proceeding.

If the current URL is not provided, self.current_url() will be used. Note however that this introduces a race condition: the browser could finish navigating before we call current_url(), which would lead to an eternal wait.

impl Client

Raw access to the WebDriver instance.

pub async fn raw_client_for( &self, method: Method, url: &str, ) -> Result<Response<Body>, CmdError>

Issue an HTTP request to the given url with all the same cookies as the current session.

Calling this method is equivalent to calling with_raw_client_for with an empty closure.

pub async fn with_raw_client_for<F>( &self, method: Method, url: &str, before: F, ) -> Result<Response<Body>, CmdError>

where F: FnOnce(Builder) -> Request<Body>,

Build and issue an HTTP request to the given url with all the same cookies as the current session.

Before the HTTP request is issued, the given before closure will be called with a handle to the Request about to be sent.

impl Client

Allow to wait for conditions.

pub fn wait(&self) -> Wait<'_>

Starting building a new wait operation. This can be used to wait for a certain condition, by periodically checking the state and optionally returning a value:

// -- snip wrapper code --
let button = client.wait().for_element(Locator::Css(
    r#"a.button-download[href="/learn/get-started"]"#,
)).await?;
// -- snip wrapper code --

Also see: crate::wait.

impl Client

Cookies

pub async fn get_all_cookies(&self) -> Result<Vec<Cookie<'static>>, CmdError>

Get all cookies associated with the current document.

See 16.1 Get All Cookies of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn get_named_cookie( &self, name: &str, ) -> Result<Cookie<'static>, CmdError>

Get a single named cookie associated with the current document.

See 16.2 Get Named Cookie of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn add_cookie(&self, cookie: Cookie<'static>) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Add the specified cookie.

See 16.3 Add Cookie of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn delete_cookie(&self, name: &str) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Delete a single cookie from the current document.

See 16.4 Delete Cookie of the WebDriver standard.

pub async fn delete_all_cookies(&self) -> Result<(), CmdError>

Delete all cookies from the current document.

See 16.5 Delete All Cookies of the WebDriver standard.

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Client

fn clone(&self) -> Client

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Client

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.